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otaku. Tribe second part

And to finish this series ... The last part of the delivery of urban tribes. Hope you like it.

regard to personal characteristics of its members can establish the following features:
• Young people between about 14 and 26 years.
• People with a medium-high purchasing power. For example, buy items like Dollfies, Japanese dolls, bears an approximate cost of 500 € with all amenities, approximately ...
• People successful in school and a cultural level above average. Most of those over 18 years
go to college (many of them are studying courses that relate to the world of computer technology as) speak languages \u200b\u200b...
• Several of them noted for studying Japanese and Japanese culture in general.
As for his hobbies include in particular:
Playing computer games and role-playing video game (both and multiplayer online) such as Lineage, WoW, playing card games like magic, yu-gi-oh, ..., read and watch manga, cosplay develop (costumes), playing strategy games, ... and many Game times are set in Japan or Japanese. Interestingly
turn as within the tribe as there are subdivisions Otaku: Otakumanga, idolls, gothic lolita ... and even "power struggle" between these different associations dominate.

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otaku.

Although at first I would divide my post into three parts, due to their large size (and to make it short and entertaining reading) I finally decided to divide 4 parts.


The first thing to note is that this is a relatively new urban tribe. The term "otaku" was born around the 80 to designate persons regarded as asocial and detained (even this term connoted a certain marginality). The otaku phenomenon, as we understand in the West hou day, first appeared in Japan in the mid 80's early 90's, winning a special relevance since the advent of highly successful publications (some well-known in the West as for example: Naruto, Bleach, Death Note ... In the case of Spain, comics and Japanese animation series began arriving in the early years of this century with a substantial circulation (previously published several sleeves but not great sales, except for some cases producing social phenomena authentically Dragon Ball). At this time, with the arrival of a large industry of "merchandising" oriented to the world of manga and Japanese anime phenomenon went on to become a true lifestyle and then to begin to emerge early tribes and associations otakus Friends of the manga (Akari (Salamanca), Association of Friends of the Japanese comic (Madrid), Association for the Defence of anime and Japanese comics (Alcorcón) ...). Today there are hundreds of such associations throughout Spain and many in the Community of Madrid that every time welcome more members. Otaku tribes as such, are also becoming more numerous (although they remain minority) and spread over more cities.



The otaku are an urban tribe is characterized by a high degree of "fanaticism" (in the neutral and not pejorative sense of the word) with anything having to do with the manga (comic version) and anime (video version) Japanese. Statistically significant higher intake of various objects of diverse nature such as shirts, posters, action figures ... in ultimately all kinds of "merchandising" in general, and a great admiration for Japanese culture.

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Analysis of a comic. Naruto.


Inspired by "Read Donald Duck" of Mattelart, I decided to do an analysis on a Japanese comic (manga). One of the main objectives was that the comic in question was well known and had worldwide circulation, so I decided to do an analysis of the Naruto manga.

Naruto is a series of Japanese manga animation about the adventures of young ninjas. The main character is Uzumaki Naruto, a young orphan who holds the seven tailed demon inside (Kyubi). At this point it is interesting to note the close relationship between Japanese manga and traditional Japanese mythology. For example, the Kyuubi is a demon too afraid of the traditional culture of Japan as well as other characters in this series of comic characters have names typical of Eastern mythology (for example, "Tsunade" (the goddess slug). The goal is to be Naruto Hokage (head of the village) and gain recognition for their village.
 Like their counterparts in reality, these ninjas in the series are experts in infiltration and assassination, by using combat techniques physical and illusory.
As the main characters of this I will make a brief comic: 
Sasuke is his best friend, then become a rival and enemy when it turns evil to be corrupted by the desire for revenge against his brother (who destroyed the Uchiha clan) desire to restore his honor clan. 
ninja Sakura friend and teammate of Naruto. Use healing techniques and increased strength. 
mentor Kakashi is Naruto, Sasuke and Sakura. 
implicit and explicit violence is a component that must be present in the Japanese comic good. In the case of "Naruto" is remarkable the constant presence of murders, fights, kidnappings, robberies ... well these are very common in the various deliveries. Besides verbal aggression is also very present, for example, "You're a waste" (Chapter 31 Naruto), "I will kill you the favor and end your disgraceful existence ..." (Chapter 22 Naruto Shippudden) are some of these formulas. 
As for the values \u200b\u200band more symbolic aspects of the present values \u200b\u200bin the Japanese manga are very representative of traditional Japanese culture (characterized mainly by high dose of machismo). The most important values \u200b\u200bpresent in "Naruto" are: 
Honor and maintenance. Actions motivated for the honor are very present. For example, suicide appears as one of the few alternatives to a great disgrace. In the event that a member who decides to appear in the comic starts ritual suicide known as seppuku "(within which the action is to stick a knife in the stomach (hara-kiri). An example is the Kakashi's father's suicide.
 Respect. Respect is very present in Japanese comics. Stresses such as respect for elders, representing wisdom, and women should keep a great respect and obey their husbands as they order.
Regarding the last point mentioned (respect woman to man), there are several aspects to comment because the woman is totally "reified" and a subordinate or attached to the male.

male and female roles:
In the Japanese manga there is a strong demarcation between the human figure and the figure of the woman. It is very remarkable to note how man is always the most positive values \u200b\u200band estimates and socially while women represent aspects is characterized by not so valued by society. 
Female characters tend to play a much more passive than males. 
women almost always have a somewhat fragile appearance against the harsh, high-aspect vitality of men.

Women in Japanese comics is depicted as an irrational and motivated in their actions, to a large extent, by feelings and passion. This is what leads them to commit many mistakes, he is not acting rationally, and subsequently have to sometimes have to be corrected by male characters. It is also very often have to be rescued by them when they are in distress.

The manga is very steeped in Japanese mythology and traditional culture in the distribution of male and female roles, so the misogynistic component of Japanese culture remains. The man in the manga Japan represents the "modern" samurai, and all that entails values \u200b\u200b(honor, courage, strength, wisdom ...). The woman on the other hand represents the "modern" geisha, and to some extent is objectified and treated as an object sexual. Is fragile, ephemeral, passion, weakness, ... (Clarifying that soin trends, and you can find female characters endowed with great physical strength as TSUNADE) and subordination and submission to man. It is very common to accentuate female sexual characteristics, such as the breasts (which are sometimes hiperacrecentan).
argued illustrate this we can see in the case of comic Naruto ninja fighting techniques used by female characters are much less aggressive and powerful (generally use healing techniques (Sakura, Tsunade, Ino ...), poisoning, illusory protection ... always to avoid physical combat more direct) than those using the male ninjas.

To say goodbye I leave the first part of Chapter 1 of naruto.

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urban tribes. Maffesoli. Part 2.

As promised in a future post hang the second part of the block of urban tribes. Hope you liked that first part and if any of you had not opportunity to encourage you to read it.

This second update will focus on the concept of urban tribes in Maffesoli. I hope you enjoy this post.

To Maffesoli urban tribes are based on a contradiction, paradox ... that is very present in modern societies between "establishing constant alternation between increased mass and the development of these micro-groups that I am on call" Tribes "(Maffesoli, 1990, 29).
Before entering a deeper way in the urban tribe idea is worth noting that this author is greatly influenced by authors such as Simmel, Durkheim, Weber, Tönnies ... The first one is based on certain ideas such as "overstimulation" of the individual in the city. Neotribalism Maffesoli believes that can only be given in large cities, to which he referred to as megacities. This statement is due to overcrowding is a major factor that may arise urban tribes, because ultimately it is this mass which contributes greatly to generate a rhythm, "rapid" quick change in the city, feeling loss of what role each plays in this great mass, the fragmentation, the sense of confusion, a certain "apathy" (Within the meaning of the term offered Simmel) ... So we can conclude that only in the mass society and in cities such phenomena occur (This would not occur in the Gemeinschaft spoken of Tönnies, or in areas existing rural societies). Maffesoli
trying to explain why emerging urban tribes. This author believes that the current mass societies lack an "identity" which produces a feeling of disorientation in young people dragging them into this new type of social organizations. He says the institutions and not endow individuals with identity which implies that young people who are disoriented, confused, lost, unhappy ... are grouped into urban tribes that function as the replacement of social institutions in the urban tribes of young people found a way to establish links with others and obtain a group identity and self-assertion. Urban tribes would be a societal response to the lack of identity, social disillusionment, to the "marginalization", in mass societies ...
This author believes that as the mass society is constantly changing and ever-evolving , so with the urban tribes. Urban tribes are characterized by a great changeability and constant retraining. This is in parte a que los individuos “pululan” por las diversas tribus en función de gustos, necesidades… propias de un momento determinado y en consecuencia éstos van pasando por varias de ellas a lo largo de su vida dado que los valores de la sociedad de masas están en constante cambio (y por lo tanto también cambian los valores de los individuos que viven en ella). El tribalismo es un movimiento de amplio alcance que impregna todos los ámbitos de la vida social: política, religión, filosofía, moda, creencias, mitos, economía, guías de conducta…pero a la vez existe una reciprocidad porque a su vez se ve influenciado por todos éstos.
Maffesoli denomina a la transformación de social relations that occurs in post-modern society as neo-tribalism. This new organization allows individuals to leave the "encapsulation" of individuality and to establish new relationships that are "closer" to other individuals. As noted above, in major cities that comprise the subjects have some degree of "emotional deficit" that must be remedied (on several occasions young people flock to urban tribes in search of a series of experiences and self-affirmation) The urban tribes are defined by a number of features that achieve these deficits and provide filing of identity needed by individuals who are in that state of confusion, disorientation ...
All defining characteristics of urban tribes that speak Maffesoli focus on emotional, aesthetic ...
1) They are communities where there are emotional and strong intense emotions, but these often ephemeral as they are often subject to fashion and are strongly influenced by the changing values \u200b\u200bof the mass societies. Individuals share tastes, sense of aesthetics and activities that generate sensation "strong" to satisfy their emotional deficits. These communities would ultimately what would give meaning to life that their appearance would have no daily contact and emotional contagion. Its emotional component makes them highly chaotic, susceptible, disorganized, messy ... To some extent the urban tribe has some primitive features, Maffesoli not use the term primitive but "archaic", but referring to the same idea, where rituals and all aspects related to the symbolic-ceremonial gain great relevance. Urban tribes Maffesoli also says that they can become very intolerant to the outside, denying the influences that come from the dominant culture of the mass society.
is important to note at this point as noted Maffesoli that tribalism becomes a true "revolution" that exalts the characteristic features of the archaic rejecting the rational and universal aspects of the modern. The logic of tribalism is called Maffesoli logic as the logic of "eros" (as opposed to the logic of "logos" that characterizes modern societies), or the logic of "eros" is being imposed on postmodern societies.

• energy sources are displayed in front of the passivity that individuals live in mass societies. Allowing alternative practices and providing channels of expression. An example of this would be events that occur within the urban tribes. Against the individualistic tendencies of mass society to urban tribe unleash trends entertainment, leisure ... There is an awakening of play activities, sexual life, community "primitive" .... In addition Maffesoli emphasizes immediacy component, members of urban tribes do not care about the future, the future ... but merely want to find a great deal of pleasure and energy in the short term.
I think it is interesting to note as tribalism has many recreational features of the type that "infantilize" members who compose, Maffesoli arrives to denote the Members of the urban tribes as "eternal children." infantilizing This component is very evident in the otaku tribe where we can find many of the above example).
• Events and conferences as expomanga or Expocómic.
• cosplay contests (costumes), drawing Japanese ...
• Games and role-playing competitions, letters, and especially idolls, customized dolls, with the owners to play with each other ...
2) New form of sociability . The important thing is to live with the group and into the complicity of the shared (aesthetics, music, rituals ...). The person plays a role in the group (and not only plays a role as the great mass of society). Importantly, these new forms of sociability generate new forms of social relations and new solidarities. Interpersonal relationships within the tribe is based more on feelings and emotions in a style rationality means and ends. Interestingly, as the tribe has an attractive city for young people by its component "warm." Faced with excessive individualism, "coolness" superficiality ... of mass societies urban tribe is a welcoming place where members engage in affective-emotional relationships and support each other. As Maffesoli important stop in this point is that in the urban tribe young people get "self-affirmation" and find their "direction" his "place" ...

3) Satisfaction feeling of belonging and sense of spatial proximity. In the urban tribe individuals interact strongly against the fragmentation and dispersal of society. Maffesoli at this point, coinciding with other authors such as Simmel says that although individuals living in a large mass and are used to living in crowded places (an example of this overcrowding would be those that can be found in central locations in means of transport like the subway rush hour, shopping center ...) feel "lonely" because they do not interact with them, that is, although for example in the metro we "play" with many people do not socialize with them and just as in the case in other metro areas society.

Maffesoli Furthermore argues that mass society acts as a "constraining" of young people by forcing them to accept large numbers of rules that in some cases are lacking even nonsensical. Faced with this situation young people are responding away from that company and auto-grouping in urban tribes that are characterized by their own forms of organization.
Urban tribes have a number of other worthwhile features indicate: 1) have a number of his own ideas that give meaning to existence, 2) have a physical demarcation, as there are in specific locations, 3) are self-referential and guides conduct in which the tribe members are fixed and act accordingly, 4) are capable of regeneration and self-support, 5) are relatively closed systems. Regarding this last idea of \u200b\u200b"relatively closed systems" should be noted that Maffesoli is influenced largely by Louis Wirth's conception is the ghetto. Maffesoli To some extent, the urban tribes respond to a ghetto modern. Externally individuals are highly fragmented and lost in the ghetto though and urban tribe is a very cohesive, a place for strong interpersonal relationships, solidarity ...
In summary we can conclude that the urban tribes are a consequence disenchantment that individuals (in most cases young people) on the severe overcrowding and the functioning of life in large modern cities where there is a superficiality and where everything seems to be measured in terms of personal success that one and wasteful consumption is characteristic of the society of mass consumption and generates an "alienation" in individuals. I hope

you liked. A greeting.

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Urban Tribes. Maffesoli. Part 1

This post will focus in a first approximation to the sociologist Michael Maffesoli (Intoku inspired me to write on this subject) and one of his most célecres (in my opinion the most important) "time tribes ", in which first coined the term" urban tribe. " The post for the most part, is a bit of practice I did at the University of Maffesoli and urban tribes. The practice is divided into three parts: The first and more theoretical approach to the author, a second part of a more theoretical and conceptual (centered on the concept urban tribe) and a third of an applied nature (the otaku tribe).

Respecting the initial division that I made at the time, I will divide this post into three parts (the second and the third one will hang in future post). Here you have the first part, I hope it disfuteis.

"The Time of the Tribes: The decline of individualism in mass societies" is one of the key works of the author Michel Maffesoli. This author was born on November 14, 1944 in Graissessac (France) since 1981 is professor of social sciences and humanities at the University of La Sorbonne (Paris) and currently holds the chair of Durkheim in this university.
"The Time of the Tribes" was published in 1990 and acquires special significance because in this work appear for the first terms, such as urban tribal or neo-tribalism that will have a vital importance, since then and to contemporary sociology. In this book the author makes a purely descriptive analysis (and all prospective) of postmodern society and today's mass society, focusing on the analysis of the processes of tribalism and describing the main features of urban tribes and to a lesser extent the main features members who compose it.
believe it is appropriate, before going deeper into the issue of tribalism (which is what I have chosen to carry out this work to be a key issue in this volume) provide a small overview of "The Time of the Tribes." Maffesoli
believes that modern societies are subject to a series of rapid change and "effervescent" that are transformed in an irremediable. In this work the author makes an analysis of these changes and their consequences, the "social body", different ideologies, different institutions ... slowly crumble and new values \u200b\u200bare generated and "transform" the old one very quickly. Keeping
a line of thought that analyzes the post-modern society, consider the feelings, passions, ideals ... have replaced the "reason" and rationality (typical of Enlightenment thinking) today. In addition the group now takes precedence over the individual aspects of the statistical imagination and calculation and finally the local over the global. Interestingly, to some extent as the group identification and the processes of "tribalism" liman and erode some concepts such as universality. In summary states that we are living the "era of the tribes' characterized by gregarious groups, factions ... where all relationships become totally unstable, ephemeral and constantly changing ... within mass society. He claims that tribalism is deeply rooted in the processes of postmodernity.
is important to note that the author believes that the logic of identity (whether sexual, professional, political etc.).'s Happened a process of identification with a particular group. For this reason there is a constant emergence of groups, networks, ephemeral confluence ...

A greeting and thanks to all readers.

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relations between companies, "Erepublik" the game.


From one of your comments (such as those from funfrock), I decided investigate Erepublik more about . "Erepublik: The New World" tries to be a simulator macro (still in evidence, as this is a beta and will probably improve a lot) very good looking and with part of the English team, which you can get to making you all political leader of a small region or a global imperial leader.

The call of the game is "History in your hands" and the goal is to become one of the most respected citizens erepublik world (with a total of about 30000 players worldwide).

The game is absolutely free , it takes too long, in contrast to other games style: ogame, urban fighters, empire-strike ... and the intelligence and strategy where the player passed to the forefront. Each player represents an individual citizen (free and with the same rights as the rest) in erepublik world.

From a sociological standpoint, this game earns a special interest, trying to simulate the operation and the interconnections of all societies worldwide in four major aspects that players should control social, political, economic and military. ..). Players can choose to use more diplomatic ways or declare war at every opportunity.

addition, issues such as types of leadership (as studied by Weber) come here particularly relevant, as each player can become a different kind of leader, and will have to justify their decisions if you want to stay in power.

Although the play is apparently macro, micro level relationships are also quite important. Erepublik different citizens will have to negotiate, discuss strategies and ways forward to compete in the market (to even up their own businesses and companies ),... and what I found most interesting about what I have observed All political systems are democratic and governed by universal suffrage, ie leaders will be voted on and either player may reach into one, yes, the leaders must pass uan ordeal, accountable to the "people." I invite

porB this sim and has to adopt different strategies. How do you become a leader of a faster, being honest or aggressive? What nations come to lead the world, the diplomatic or militarized?

I think it's a game that offers lots of possibilities and that whenever possible it will be worth testing.

Before leaving, tell everyone who you decide to try the game that I like that you give your impressions of him. What more ye lay at fault in this sim? What you find similarities with the actual workings of society?



Thank you for your attention and I hope you enjoy the game.

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online role-playing games: What is a role? Movies



role is usually understood in sociology, expectations about the behavior expected of a person according to the position. Let me give an example, if someone played the role of a judge, we hope that it will behave the way they behave assume that a judge (just, wise, prudent, objective addition to a dress ... appropriate technical language ...).

I tried to clear a definition as possible, but it's still a complex concept and there are many definitions and perspectives from which to approach it.

speak on social roles in future post: social role definition debate, role play, role changes today, gender roles ... However I will dedicate this post to online RPGs.

online role-playing games are those in which players choose a particular being (whether human or mythological elf, orc, undead ...) which will be from that time in the virtual world corresponding . After this usually players choose a role (a set of characteristics such as profession: Paladin, Warrior, Warlock, amazon ..., skill, choose a character strong, agile, intelligent ... personality: evil, good, chaotic ...) Players will assume a new role in that parallel reality and from that time cease to them to be their character. Players choose characters that sometimes resemble them in reality, but in other cases escogeran jugadoresque not have to do anything to them (eg a murderer without remorse of 1.95 meters and 140 kilos).



There are many worlds and environments differ according to role play, present and future fantastic (city of heroes ...), mean age (Lineage, World of Warcraft, Diablo, but Mu ..)... they all have in common the high incidence of fantastic and mythological component.

But why are so successful online role playing games? There are several explanations, but in my opinion, are a diverse set of variables.

First are a leisure, and therefore a solution to the moments of boredom. Since the advent of new technologies has been possible to develop these games with an infinite quality more (technical, development history, gameplay ...), the first game of the 80's.



younger cohorts have been socialized since childhood to videogames. Who does not remember the first Nintendo, the game boy "brick", the game gear ...). Given the highest quality, these cohorts are now opting for much more preparation games.

some extent have an addictive component. Thanks to goals that are arising in the game, players tend to "hook" and is eager to level up your character to achieve certain object ...

Advertising also plays a role. Generally this type of games are marketed by large multinationals (Blizzard, NCsoft ...), which are not repaired in spending large sums on advertising to get the game becomes fashionable. We consider that to some extent times the consumption of this ode tip meets fashion games.

On the other hand I left for the final explanation interesante.La consider more modern society is a society dehumanized. In postindustrial society, capitalist values \u200b\u200bof individualism, competition ... the community is damaged. The values \u200b\u200bof profit or community group, collective work and cooperation ... disappear. To some extent we desarropados, they teach us to compete against our own classmates, sports ... Therefore, social relations are much smaller, young people "go out less to the streets" and might explain the success of such games as a response to the needs of interaction, socialization, we relate ... humans. This explanation gains much strength in highly individualistic and competitive societies like Japan or Korea, where there are higher rates of addiction to games, even leading to suicide and to force the Government to take measures to force companies limit the hours of play per day allowed. I want to throw a UAI Question: Do you think

truly online role-playing games allow human needs for sociability and play them because they offer a solution to these encesidades? Do you think españoal society can reach the limits of the Japanese or Korean? Which of the explanations often given that you believe is most accurate?

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sociological: "Experiment." Experiment Stanford Prison

first attempt to summarize briefly what this research was to Zimbardo.
The experiment that made this research has been influential in both social psychology and sociology, and this was to divide a set of young people (a total of 24) into two groups and move them to a basement of Stanford University, which was restored, and pretended to be a prison. To recruit members who participated in this research were published advertisements in a series which was offered as a daily financial remuneration the amount of $ 15 (currently equivalent to about 60 euros).

The first group would play the role of jailer or "Gurdian" while the second group members adopt the role of prisoners.

Guards received uniforms and batons while the prisoners received clothes according to your condition.



Zimbardo was to study the internalization of roles and abuse of authority and violence in terms of social environment (in this case a prison). Indeed all internalized their roles and the experiment was in the hands a few days because the guards began to attack and humiliate "prisoners" and they in turn started a riot. Also as time went over the keepers abused his power and carried out more sadistic and degrading practices.

The experiment had to be terminated.

Secondly I leave here the synopsis of the movie and I encourage you to see.



came looking for a quick way to earn easy money. Now just looking for ways to stay alive. "The Experiment" is a journey of emotion and revenge in a simulated environment of a prison, where the price of life is equal to the skill of survival. It all started in the name of science. 20 men, 2 weeks. The reward: $ 2000. Research The aggressive behavior in a simulated prison environment. Players: 8 "guardians" and 12 "prisoners." The game: It holds the prisoners and ordered them to follow orders, the guards must maintain order. But give a man a little power can have unexpected consequences ... Over the days the conflict between power, authority and rebellion becomes increasingly violent sedges, blurring the line between reality and the "experiment." "The Experiment" challenges the way we perceive the mundo.Espero you enjoy the movie, Hector.

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branches or specialties of sociology.

I think it could be an interesting idea (especially for those who might be interested in enrolling from the race itself, even in a course or workshop) that this update is dedicated to offer an introductory overview of the main branches we could say that is divided sociology.

In subsequent updates, I will dedicate myself to conduct a deeper analysis of each of the branches in which sociology is divided, but in this update I will just mention them.



For more purely theoretical branch:

- Sociological Theory.
- Sociology of Education.
- Sociology of deviance.
- social structure.
- Political Sociology.
- social change
Sociology - Sociology of Work.
- Sociology of culture.
- Sociology of the environment.
- Urban Sociology.
- Sociology of inequality.
- Sociology of Art.
- industrial sociology.
- Sociology of religion.
- Sociology of Gender.
- Society, population and demography.
- Sociology of health.
- Sociology of immigration.
- Sociology of organizations.
- Sociology of science.
- Sociology of knowledge.
- Sociology of the family.
- Rural Sociology.
- Sociology of mass communication.
- Sociology of consumption.
- Sociology business.

As for the branches with a more applied applied:

- quantitative social research techniques.
- Techniques qualitative social research.
- Public opinion.
- Market research.
- Marketing.
- Statistics Applied to Social Sciences.
- Assessment and public policy organizations.

I indicate that there are many more branches of sociology, but a less influential as well as other branches that are shared with other disciplines such as sociolinguistics and socio-political economy (the branches shared with other specialties, such as demographics or marketing I have added for their special relevance).