As promised in a future post hang the second part of the block of urban tribes. Hope you liked that first part and if any of you had not opportunity to encourage you to read it.
This second update will focus on the concept of urban tribes in Maffesoli. I hope you enjoy this post.
To Maffesoli urban tribes are based on a contradiction, paradox ... that is very present in modern societies between "establishing constant alternation between increased mass and the development of these micro-groups that I am on call" Tribes "(Maffesoli, 1990, 29). Before entering a deeper way in the urban tribe idea is worth noting that this author is greatly influenced by authors such as Simmel, Durkheim, Weber, Tönnies ... The first one is based on certain ideas such as "overstimulation" of the individual in the city. Neotribalism Maffesoli believes that can only be given in large cities, to which he referred to as megacities. This statement is due to overcrowding is a major factor that may arise urban tribes, because ultimately it is this mass which contributes greatly to generate a rhythm, "rapid" quick change in the city, feeling loss of what role each plays in this great mass, the fragmentation, the sense of confusion, a certain "apathy" (Within the meaning of the term offered Simmel) ... So we can conclude that only in the mass society and in cities such phenomena occur (This would not occur in the Gemeinschaft spoken of Tönnies, or in areas existing rural societies). Maffesoli
trying to explain why emerging urban tribes. This author believes that the current mass societies lack an "identity" which produces a feeling of disorientation in young people dragging them into this new type of social organizations. He says the institutions and not endow individuals with identity which implies that young people who are disoriented, confused, lost, unhappy ... are grouped into urban tribes that function as the replacement of social institutions in the urban tribes of young people found a way to establish links with others and obtain a group identity and self-assertion. Urban tribes would be a societal response to the lack of identity, social disillusionment, to the "marginalization", in mass societies ...
This author believes that as the mass society is constantly changing and ever-evolving , so with the urban tribes. Urban tribes are characterized by a great changeability and constant retraining. This is in parte a que los individuos “pululan” por las diversas tribus en función de gustos, necesidades… propias de un momento determinado y en consecuencia éstos van pasando por varias de ellas a lo largo de su vida dado que los valores de la sociedad de masas están en constante cambio (y por lo tanto también cambian los valores de los individuos que viven en ella). El tribalismo es un movimiento de amplio alcance que impregna todos los ámbitos de la vida social: política, religión, filosofía, moda, creencias, mitos, economía, guías de conducta…pero a la vez existe una reciprocidad porque a su vez se ve influenciado por todos éstos.
Maffesoli denomina a la transformación de social relations that occurs in post-modern society as neo-tribalism. This new organization allows individuals to leave the "encapsulation" of individuality and to establish new relationships that are "closer" to other individuals. As noted above, in major cities that comprise the subjects have some degree of "emotional deficit" that must be remedied (on several occasions young people flock to urban tribes in search of a series of experiences and self-affirmation) The urban tribes are defined by a number of features that achieve these deficits and provide filing of identity needed by individuals who are in that state of confusion, disorientation ...
All defining characteristics of urban tribes that speak Maffesoli focus on emotional, aesthetic ... 1) They are communities where there are emotional and strong intense emotions, but these often ephemeral as they are often subject to fashion and are strongly influenced by the changing values \u200b\u200bof the mass societies. Individuals share tastes, sense of aesthetics and activities that generate sensation "strong" to satisfy their emotional deficits. These communities would ultimately what would give meaning to life that their appearance would have no daily contact and emotional contagion. Its emotional component makes them highly chaotic, susceptible, disorganized, messy ... To some extent the urban tribe has some primitive features, Maffesoli not use the term primitive but "archaic", but referring to the same idea, where rituals and all aspects related to the symbolic-ceremonial gain great relevance. Urban tribes Maffesoli also says that they can become very intolerant to the outside, denying the influences that come from the dominant culture of the mass society.
is important to note at this point as noted Maffesoli that tribalism becomes a true "revolution" that exalts the characteristic features of the archaic rejecting the rational and universal aspects of the modern. The logic of tribalism is called Maffesoli logic as the logic of "eros" (as opposed to the logic of "logos" that characterizes modern societies), or the logic of "eros" is being imposed on postmodern societies.
• energy sources are displayed in front of the passivity that individuals live in mass societies. Allowing alternative practices and providing channels of expression. An example of this would be events that occur within the urban tribes. Against the individualistic tendencies of mass society to urban tribe unleash trends entertainment, leisure ... There is an awakening of play activities, sexual life, community "primitive" .... In addition Maffesoli emphasizes immediacy component, members of urban tribes do not care about the future, the future ... but merely want to find a great deal of pleasure and energy in the short term.
I think it is interesting to note as tribalism has many recreational features of the type that "infantilize" members who compose, Maffesoli arrives to denote the Members of the urban tribes as "eternal children." infantilizing This component is very evident in the otaku tribe where we can find many of the above example).
• Events and conferences as expomanga or Expocómic.
• cosplay contests (costumes), drawing Japanese ...
• Games and role-playing competitions, letters, and especially idolls, customized dolls, with the owners to play with each other ...
2) New form of sociability . The important thing is to live with the group and into the complicity of the shared (aesthetics, music, rituals ...). The person plays a role in the group (and not only plays a role as the great mass of society). Importantly, these new forms of sociability generate new forms of social relations and new solidarities. Interpersonal relationships within the tribe is based more on feelings and emotions in a style rationality means and ends. Interestingly, as the tribe has an attractive city for young people by its component "warm." Faced with excessive individualism, "coolness" superficiality ... of mass societies urban tribe is a welcoming place where members engage in affective-emotional relationships and support each other. As Maffesoli important stop in this point is that in the urban tribe young people get "self-affirmation" and find their "direction" his "place" ...
3) Satisfaction feeling of belonging and sense of spatial proximity. In the urban tribe individuals interact strongly against the fragmentation and dispersal of society. Maffesoli at this point, coinciding with other authors such as Simmel says that although individuals living in a large mass and are used to living in crowded places (an example of this overcrowding would be those that can be found in central locations in means of transport like the subway rush hour, shopping center ...) feel "lonely" because they do not interact with them, that is, although for example in the metro we "play" with many people do not socialize with them and just as in the case in other metro areas society.
Maffesoli Furthermore argues that mass society acts as a "constraining" of young people by forcing them to accept large numbers of rules that in some cases are lacking even nonsensical. Faced with this situation young people are responding away from that company and auto-grouping in urban tribes that are characterized by their own forms of organization. Urban tribes have a number of other worthwhile features indicate: 1) have a number of his own ideas that give meaning to existence, 2) have a physical demarcation, as there are in specific locations, 3) are self-referential and guides conduct in which the tribe members are fixed and act accordingly, 4) are capable of regeneration and self-support, 5) are relatively closed systems. Regarding this last idea of \u200b\u200b"relatively closed systems" should be noted that Maffesoli is influenced largely by Louis Wirth's conception is the ghetto. Maffesoli To some extent, the urban tribes respond to a ghetto modern. Externally individuals are highly fragmented and lost in the ghetto though and urban tribe is a very cohesive, a place for strong interpersonal relationships, solidarity ...
In summary we can conclude that the urban tribes are a consequence disenchantment that individuals (in most cases young people) on the severe overcrowding and the functioning of life in large modern cities where there is a superficiality and where everything seems to be measured in terms of personal success that one and wasteful consumption is characteristic of the society of mass consumption and generates an "alienation" in individuals. I hope
you liked. A greeting.
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